1. In a small bowl, combine the flour, sugar, pumpkin pie spice, and salt. Add the cold cubed butter and rub it into the dry mixture with your fingertips until you get soft, sandy crumbs. Refrigerate while you make the batter. 2. In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, pumpkin pie spice, baking powder, and salt. 3. In a separate bowl, whisk the pumpkin puree, melted butter, eggs, kefir, and vanilla until smooth and cohesive. 4. Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Stir gently with a spatula until just combined. The batter should be thick and slightly lumpy - avoid overmixing. 5. Line a 12‑cup muffin pan. Divide the batter evenly between the cups, filling each about 3/4 full. 6. Sprinkle the chilled topping generously over each muffin, pressing lightly so it adheres. 7. Bake at 375°F (190°C) for 20–24 minutes, or until the tops are golden and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean. 8. Let the muffins rest in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a rack. Serve warm for maximum coziness. SERVING IDEAS: - Pair these muffins with a mug of hot chai or a cinnamon‑kissed latte for the ultimate autumn breakfast. - Serve warm with a swipe of soft salted butter or a spoonful of maple‑sweetened whipped cream. - Add them to a brunch board with fresh pears, grapes, and a little bowl of spiced honey. - Crumble a muffin over vanilla yogurt for a quick, cozy parfait. - Enjoy as an afternoon treat with black tea, especially something malty or lightly spiced.

   1. Warm 1 cup of milk (about 104 F (40 C)). Mix yeast, warm milk, 1/2 cup of sugar. Cover with plastic wrap or a damp cloth and let it sit for 10–15 minutes until foamy. 2. In a large bowl, mix yeast mixture, 2 egg yolks and 1 spoon of vanilla extract. Sift half of flour and mix. Add the remaining flour and salt. Knead the dough by hand or with a mixer fitted with a dough hook (about 5 minutes). Let the dough rest for 10 minutes. Add pieces of softened butter. Knead the dough until smooth and elastic (about 10 minutes). 3. Cover with plastic wrap or a damp cloth and let rise in a warm place for 1 hour. 4. Drain any excess water from the ricotta cheese, if there is any. Mix ricotta, lemon zest, lemon juice, 1 egg yolk, 1/2 teaspoon of vanilla extract, 1/4 cup of sugar, and raisins (if using) until smooth. 5. Grease the baking pan with butter (I use round baking pan.). 6. Lightly flour the surface for rolling out the dough. Divide the dough into 2 parts. Form balls. Roll each ball into a circle about 0.5 inches (about 1.5 cm) thick – slightly larger in diameter than your baking pan. Place the filling on one circle, distributing it evenly over the entire surface of the circle, leaving an edge of about 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) without filling. Cover with the second circle. Pinch the edges together very well and carefully place the dough into the baking pan. 7. This step can be skipped, but it will make the pastry look more beautiful. Place a glass in the center of the dough and press it down slightly. This will be the center of the flower. Mentally divide the dough around the center into 8 petals. Using scissors, cut one petal from both sides, without cutting all the way to the glass, and twist it twice. Repeat this with all the petals. 8. Cover with plastic wrap or a damp cloth and let rise in a warm place for 1 hour. Let the dough rise to double its size in a warm place (about 40 minutes). 9. Mix 1/2 cup of flour, 2 tablespoons of sugar and 2 tablespoons of butter until crumbly. 10. Mix 1 egg and 2 tablespoons of milk or water. 11. Preheat oven to 375°F (175°C). 12. Brush the top of babka with the egg mixture. Brush the top of the cake with the egg mixture. Sprinkle with crumbs and nuts (if using). 13. Bake for 35–40 minutes until golden brown. 14. Let cool before slicing. Dust with powdered sugar or drizzle with glaze if desired.